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what vote is needed to override a governors veto in illinois

Written By Saturday, 9 April 2022 Add Comment Edit

Heading into the 2020 elections, there were iv states with a governor of 1 party and a veto-proof state legislature of the opposing party, including iii holding legislative elections that yr: Kansas, Kentucky, and Massachusetts. There were five states that could have switched to having a veto-proof state legislature and an opposing party governor every bit a result of the 2020 elections.

Country governors may veto bills advanced by the state legislature. With sufficient support—betwixt 1-half and 2-thirds of sitting legislators, depending on the state—state legislatures may overturn a gubernatorial veto. When 1 party controls enough seats to overturn a veto without whatever support from the other party, a legislature can be said to hold a veto-proof majority. The presence of a veto-proof bulk strengthens the legislature's hand when it comes to passing bills of which the governor disapproves and can lead to conflict when opposing parties control the legislature and governor'southward mansion.

On this page, you will observe:

  • States with veto-proof legislatures and opposing governors
    • Kansas, Kentucky, and Massachusetts
  • States that could gain a veto-proof legislature and an opposing governor in 2020
    • Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin.
  • Groundwork on veto override procedures used in the 50 states
  • Four case studies of recent disharmonize arising from veto-proof state legislature and opposing party governor

States with a veto-proof legislature and opposing party governor

Kansas

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of Kansas was Laura Kelly (D), who was not upward for re-election that year. In Kansas, two-thirds of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The Republican Party held more than two-thirds of the seats in both chambers of the legislature, with a 29-11 bulk in the state Senate and an 84-41 majority in the state Firm.[1]

Opportunities for the Autonomous Political party in 2020

In 2020, the Democratic Party had the opportunity to break the Republican supermajority in the legislature. In order to do and then, the Democratic Party needed to proceeds at least three seats in the state Senate or at least 1 seat in the state House. Reaching either target would break the Republican supermajority.

Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2020

Kansas holds gubernatorial elections in midterm years, and so the Republican Political party will not take an opportunity to flip the governorship until 2022. Notwithstanding, the Republican Party had an opportunity to extend its legislative supermajority through the residue of Gov. Kelly'southward start term past losing no more than three seats in the country Senate and no more one seat in the land House.

Kentucky

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of Kentucky was Andy Beshear (D), who was not upward for re-ballot that year. In Kentucky, a majority of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The Republican Party held a majority of the seats in both chambers of the legislature, with a 28-10 majority in the land Senate and an 62-38 majority in the land Firm.[ane]

Opportunities for the Autonomous Party in 2020

In 2020, the Democratic Political party had the opportunity to interruption the Republican supermajority in the legislature. In order to practise so, the Democratic Party needed to gain at least 8 seats in the land Senate or at least 11 seats in the country Firm. Reaching either target would break the Republican supermajority.

Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2020

Kentucky holds gubernatorial elections the year before each presidential election, then the Republican Party will not have an opportunity to flip the governorship until 2023. However, the Republican Party had an opportunity to extend its legislative supermajority for two more years past losing no more than eight seats in the state Senate and no more than than 11 seats in the state Firm.

Massachusetts

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of Massachusetts was Charlie Baker (R), who was not upwards for re-election that year. In Massachusetts, 2-thirds of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The Democratic Party held more than two-thirds of the seats in both chambers of the legislature, with a 36-4 bulk in the state Senate and a 127-31 bulk in the state House.[1]

Opportunities for the Autonomous Party in 2020

Massachusetts holds gubernatorial elections in midterm years, so the Democratic Political party will non accept an opportunity to flip the governorship until 2022. However, the Democratic Party had an opportunity to extend its legislative supermajority through the remainder of Gov. Baker's second term by losing no more than nine seats in the country Senate and no more than xx seats in the state House.

Opportunities for the Republican Political party in 2020

In 2020, the Republican Party had the opportunity to pause the Democratic supermajority in the legislature. In order to practise so, the Republican Political party needed to gain at least 9 seats in the state Senate or at least xx seats in the country House. Reaching either target would intermission the Autonomous supermajority.

States with a potential supermajority conflict

We consider a state to have a potential supermajority if the number of seats across both chambers of the legislature that would need to be picked up by the majority political party in order to gain a supermajority is less than or equal to 10% of the total seats in the legislature. Each of the following states had a potential supermajority. Four of those states also had a gubernatorial election that forecasters rated as either a toss-upward or as favoring the legislative minority party, while Wisconsin did not have a gubernatorial ballot in 2020.[2]

Montana

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of Montana was Steve Bullock (D). In Montana, 2-thirds of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. Although the Republican Political party held majorities in both chambers of the legislature, it roughshod curt of the 2-thirds supermajority requirement, with a thirty-xx majority in the state Senate and a 58-42 majority in the state House.[i]

Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2020

In 2020, the Autonomous Party had the opportunity to agree the governorship and prevent the Republican Party from gaining a supermajority in the country legislature. In club to exercise then, Democrats needed to lose no more than than four seats in the state Senate and no more than nine seats in the country House. Reaching either target would accept prevented Republicans from gaining a supermajority.

Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2020

In 2020, the Republican Party had the opportunity to take the governorship and win a supermajority in the land legislature. In order to do and so, Republicans needed to gain at least iv seats in the state Senate and at least nine seats in the land House.

New Hampshire

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of New Hampshire was Chris Sununu (R). In New Hampshire, two-thirds of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. Although the Democratic Political party held majorities in both chambers of the legislature, it fell short of the two-thirds supermajority requirement, with a 14-10 majority in the land Senate and a 231-156 majority in the state Business firm.[i]

Opportunities for the Democratic Political party in 2020

In 2020, the Democratic Party had the opportunity to take the governorship and win a supermajority in the state legislature. In social club to do and then, Democrats needed to gain at least two seats in the state Senate and at to the lowest degree 36 seats in the state House.

Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2020

In 2020, the Republican Political party had the opportunity to hold the governorship and prevent the Democratic Party from gaining a supermajority in the state legislature. In guild to practice so, Republicans needed to lose no more 2 seats in the country Senate and no more than 36 seats in the land House. Reaching either target would accept prevented Democrats from gaining a supermajority.

Due north Carolina

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of North Carolina was Roy Cooper (D). In Due north Carolina, 3-fifths of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. Although the Republican Party held majorities in both chambers of the legislature, it fell curt of the three-fifths supermajority requirement, with a 29-21 majority in the state Senate and a 65-55 majority in the state House.[1]

Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2020

In 2020, the Autonomous Party had the opportunity to agree the governorship and prevent the Republican Party from gaining a supermajority in the state legislature. In order to practice then, Democrats needed to lose no more one seat in the state Senate and no more than seven seats in the land Business firm. Reaching either target would have prevented Republicans from gaining a supermajority.

Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2020

In 2020, the Republican Party had the opportunity to accept the governorship and win a supermajority in the land legislature. In club to do so, Republicans needed to gain at least one seat in the country Senate and at to the lowest degree seven seats in the state Business firm.

Vermont

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of Vermont was Phil Scott (R). In Vermont, 2-thirds of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. Although the Democratic Political party held a 22-6 supermajority in the state Senate, its 95-43 majority in the country House fell short of the two-thirds supermajority requirement.[i]

Opportunities for the Democratic Political party in 2020

In 2020, the Autonomous Party had the opportunity to take the governorship and win a supermajority in the state legislature. In order to do so, Democrats needed to lose no more than two seats in the country Senate and proceeds at least five seats in the state Business firm.

Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2020

In 2020, the Republican Party had the opportunity to concur the governorship and foreclose the Democratic Party from gaining a supermajority in the country legislature. In order to do so, Republicans needed to gain at least 2 seats in the land Senate and lose no more than five seats in the country House. Reaching either target would have prevented Democrats from gaining a supermajority.

Wisconsin

Existing partisan lean

Heading into the 2020 elections, the governor of Wisconsin was Tony Evers (D). In Wisconsin, two-thirds of the state legislature is required to override a gubernatorial veto. Although the Republican Party held majorities in both chambers of the legislature, it savage short of the two-thirds supermajority requirement, with an xix-14 majority in the state Senate and a 63-36 bulk in the state Associates.[1]

Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2020

In 2020, the Democratic Political party had the opportunity to preclude the Republican Party from gaining a supermajority in the country legislature. In lodge to do and so, Democrats needed to lose no more three seats in the state Senate and no more than than iii seats in the land Assembly. Reaching either target would have prevented Republicans from gaining a supermajority.

Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2020

In 2020, the Republican Party had the opportunity to win a supermajority in the state legislature. In order to practice so, Republicans needed to gain at least iii seats in the state Senate and at least three seats in the state Assembly.

Groundwork

Veto overrides

All 50 states give their legislatures the power to override gubernatorial vetoes. The potency for the override ability is ever included in a state'south constitution, which besides specifies how many legislators are needed to override a veto.

  • 36 states crave a two-thirds vote from both chambers of the legislature.
  • Seven states crave a three-fifths vote from both chambers of the legislature.[3]
  • Six states require a majority vote from both chambers of the legislature.
  • Alaska requires a two-thirds vote in a joint coming together of its legislative chambers.

Ballotpedia has identified six states with rules that modify the veto override threshold depending on the type of bill being considered: Alaska, Arizona, Illinois, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. Bills that are subject area to special rules are appropriations bills, tax bills, and emergency bills.

Depending on the state, the vote threshold required for a veto override applies to either all members elected to a chamber or to all members nowadays in the chamber. For case, Alabama requires a majority of all elected members to override a veto, so 53 of 105 votes are needed in the state House and 18 votes of 35 votes are needed in the state Senate. Idaho, on the other paw, requires two-thirds of all members present. So, if only 30 of the state Senate'south 35 members are nowadays, the threshold to override a veto in that chamber would be 20 votes rather than the 24 that would be required if all elected members were present.

Click [bear witness] to see a state-past-state breakdown of the rules for veto overrides.

Instance studies

This department summarizes governing conflicts that took place in recent years as the result of an system featuring a veto-proof legislative majority with an opposing political party governor.

Case study: Northward Carolina

Run into also: Conflicts between Gov. Roy Cooper and the North Carolina General Assembly

Due north Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper (D)

In the 2016 elections, Roy Cooper (D) was elected governor of North Carolina while the Republican Party held a supermajority in the land Legislature. In 2017, x split vetoes issued by Gov. Cooper were overriden by the land Legislature.[6] Among the bills that were passed over the governor's veto were Business firm Bill 100, which fabricated superior and district court elections partisan, Senate Neb 257, which decreased the state's income tax rates and express the power of the governor to use state funds to sue the legislature, and Firm Bill 770, which inverse the structure of the six-member North Carolina Medical Board so that the governor has the power to appoint but four members rather than all six.

Heading into the 2018 elections, Cooper and the Democratic Party of North Carolina identified breaking the Republican Party supermajority as a priority: "We need to pull together like never before to make sure we become this legislature back...The bottom line here is this crowd in power is working every bit hard as they can to take this state backward, and they're working fast because they know nosotros're coming for them."[7]

Legislative leaders such equally House Speaker Tim Moore (R) accept argued that the supermajority allows them to enact policy priorities without the threat of executive interference. After the legislature successfully overrode the governor's veto of the state budget on June 28, 2017, Moore argued that "The governor chose partisanship over the people of North Carolina when he rejected middle class revenue enhancement cuts and a 4th consecutive teacher pay raise but the General Associates has delivered these priorities to North Carolinians without his back up."[eight]

Case study: Illinois

See besides: Country upkeep conflicts, 2017

On July half dozen, 2017, the Democratic-controlled Illinois General Associates overrode Gov. Bruce Rauner'due south (R) vetoes of a $36 billion spending plan and a $five billion revenue enhancement increase. The override of Rauner'south vetoes marked the cease of a two-year period in which Illinois did not accept a budget in place. The country last passed a budget in June 2014, when Pat Quinn (D) served as governor. Rauner defeated Quinn in the 2014 gubernatorial election. Rauner and the General Assembly could non hold on a spending programme in 2015 or 2016, meaning that the state relied on court-ordered spending and stopgap spending measures to fund most services.

The 2017 legislative session ran from January 11 to May 31. Much of the session was focused on budget negotiations between Rauner and Speaker of the House Michael Madigan (D). They disagreed on several issues including freezing local property revenue enhancement rates, adding additional restrictions to compensation programs for injured workers, and increasing the country income revenue enhancement. Subsequently failing to reach an agreement, Rauner called the General Associates into special session from June 21 to June xxx, the concluding day of the 2017 financial twelvemonth. A budget agreement was not reached before June thirty, meaning Illinois entered the 2018 financial year without a budget.

On July ii, the state Business firm passed a $36 billion spending plan and a $5 billion tax increase. The tax plan raised the personal income revenue enhancement from 3.75 to four.95 percent and increased the corporate income tax from 5.25 percent to 7 pct. The upkeep passed the House past a 72-45 vote. On July four, the state Senate passed the budget on a 36-18 vote. Shortly afterwards the land Senate passed the budget, it was vetoed by Rauner. The bill was sent back to the Senate the same day and Rauner's veto was overridden past a 36-19 margin. On July half-dozen, the House overrode the veto by a 71-42 margin. Prior to passing the budget, Illinois faced cuts to land services, including shutdowns of state transportation projects and the state lottery, and a potential downgrade of the credit rating on its bonds to junk condition.

The conflict between Rauner and the General Assembly continued later the budget was passed. $viii.ii billion in land help for public schools was included in the budget understanding. However, linguistic communication was too included that said $6.76 billion of the aid had to be dispersed through a funding formula that calculates land assistance for school districts based on the cost of strategies that supporters say are proven to better student functioning. The funding for districts can be increased past elements such as income, belongings wealth, and English language-learning needs.[9] [10] [11] On May 31, the Full general Assembly passed SB one, which contained the necessary funding formula. Gov. Rauner indicated that he would veto the bill because he believed information technology would benefit Chicago at the expense of other areas of the state.[12]

Rauner issued an amendatory veto on August 1, rewriting SB 1 to remove a $250 million cake grant to Chicago Public Schools and changing how the funding formula weights Chicago schools' pension funds.[13] The Illinois Senate met on Baronial 13 and overrode the veto past a 38-19 vote, with all Democrats and Republican Sam McCann voting to override.[14] The Illinois House was scheduled to vote on the override on August 23, but Speaker Madigan cancelled the vote on August 22. He said that progress had been fabricated in negotiations with Rauner and Republicans.[15] [sixteen] [17]

On August 24, the four leaders in the General Assembly— Madigan, Senate President John Cullerton (D), Senate Minority Leader Bill Brady (R), and Business firm Minority Leader Jim Durkin (R)— announced that they had reached a compromise agreement on SB 1. According to Politico, the agreement kept the funding formula from SB 1 and included $75 million in subsidies for individual schoolhouse education.[18]

On August 28, the Illinois Business firm rejected the agreement in a 46-61 vote.[xix] The chamber next voted on an override of SB i. Later the override vote received merely 63 of the 71 votes information technology needed to laissez passer, the chamber took up the compromise bill over again and passed it 73-34.[20] On August 29, the Illinois Senate passed the compromise neb by a 38-13 vote. Gov. Rauner said he would sign the bill.[21]

Following the 2016 elections, Illinois was one of 19 states under divided government. Democrats had a 67-51 majority in the House and a 37-22 majority in the Senate. 3 fifths of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 71 of the 118 members in the Illinois House of Representatives and 36 of the 59 members in the Illinois Country Senate.

North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper (D)

Case study: Massachusetts

In the 2014 elections, Charlie Baker (R) was elected governor of Massachusetts while the Democratic Party held a supermajority in the state Legislature. The Democratic supermajority has allowed the land Legislature to overturn Baker'south vetoes, giving the legislative branch an upper hand in policy disputes.

Amongst the bills passed by the legislature, vetoed by Baker, and subsequently enacted over Baker's veto was H.4491, which required that health insurance companies comprehend the cost of long-term antibiotic treatments for Lyme disease patients in cases where the handling is accounted medically necessary. Bakery's July 28, 2016, veto of the beak was overturned three days afterwards.[22] [23] H.58, which increased the pay rates for the state'south executive officers (including the governor), leadership figures in the country legislature, and certain judicial officers, was passed over Baker'southward veto on Feb 2, 2017.[24] [25] The state'due south fiscal year 2018 budget was the bailiwick of a series of line-item vetoes by Baker which eliminated almost $320 million of funding. The state House voted to overturn each of Baker's vetoes, simply the country Senate voted against overturning several vetoes, including a veto of $209 1000000 in appropriations to MassHealth.[26] [27]

The Democratic supermajority in the Massachusetts state legislature was targeted past the Republican Country Leadership Committee during the 2016 election cycle. In July 2015, the committee appear that Massachusetts would be one of the states it placed item emphasis on in its 2016 campaign efforts.

Case study: Maryland

In the 2014 elections, Larry Hogan (R) was elected governor of Maryland while the Autonomous Party held a supermajority in the state Legislature. Hogan and the legislature have clashed on numerous occasions since he took function, and the Autonomous supermajority has allowed the legislature to overturn several of Hogan'south vetoes.

Among the vetoes overturned by the legislature were:

  • House Bill 1013, which required the state Section of Transportation to score its proposed projects using factors including rubber and cost-effectiveness. Its proponents argued that it would make the prioritization procedure for public works more transparent, while opponents argued that it would limit local control and would favor more than populous counties. The state legislature successfully overturned Hogan's veto.[28] [29]
  • HB 0001, which required employers with more 15 employees to provide their employees with earned sick leave at their standard wage and required all other employers to provide their employees with unpaid sick leave.[30] [31]
  • HB1783, which created a panel filled past engagement of the governor and legislative leadership which would prioritize the construction and renovation of schools rather than the existing Board of Public Works—comprised of the governor, treasurer, and comptroller. Hogan'south veto, which was supported by Maryland Comptroller Peter Franchot (D), was overturned by the legislature.[32] [33]

Republicans were seeking to intermission the Democratic veto-proof bulk in the 2018 legislative elections. A May 2017 written report in The Washington Post indicated that Senate Republicans had targeted five Democratic incumbents which they had identified as vulnerable with the stated goal of breaking the veto-proof majority.[34] In a Jan 2018 interview, GOPAC Chairman David Avella identified breaking the Autonomous veto-proof majority, which has been in identify since 1922, as an achievable goal: "Given the dynamics in the state now and the fact that Republicans have majorities in nearly two-thirds of state legislatures, we can start playing offense in areas where nosotros haven't played before."[35]

See also

  • Ballot results, 2020: State legislative veto-proof majorities
  • State legislative elections, 2020
  • Gubernatorial elections, 2020
  • Conflicts betwixt Gov. Roy Cooper and the Northward Carolina Full general Associates
  • Veto overrides in state legislatures
  • State government trifectas
  • Supermajority

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.one ane.two 1.3 1.4 one.5 1.vi 1.7 This analysis does non take currently vacant seats or seats held by a third party or contained legislator into business relationship. Information technology likewise does not account for situations where members of 1 political party caucus with the other party.
  2. ↑ This calculation takes into account ratings from the Melt Political Report, Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales, and Larry Sabato's Crystal Brawl.
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NE
  4. ↑ Alaska requires a ii-thirds vote in a articulation meeting of its two legislative chambers, which is 40 of 60 legislators.
  5. ↑ California State Capitol Museum, "Life Cycle of a Pecker," accessed July 21, 2017
  6. ↑ North Carolina Legislative Library, "North Carolina Veto History and Statistics, 1997-2018," accessed Jan 9, 2018
  7. ↑ Citizen Times, "Cooper, fired up Dems fix sights on busting GOP super-majority," October 8, 2017
  8. ↑ Fox 8, "Lawmakers override Gov. Cooper's budget veto," Jan 9, 2018
  9. ↑ Cite fault: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EDU
  10. ↑ NPR Illinois, "Educational activity Desk: Evidence-Based School Funding Model Explained," September 26, 2016
  11. ↑ WTTW, "Education Funding in Illinois: How the Evidence-Based Model Works," September 21, 2016
  12. ↑ U.S. News and Globe Report, "Rauner Aide: Democrats' School Funding Program a CPS 'Bailout'," May 17, 2017
  13. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Rauner vetoes education funding program, Emanuel accuses him of 'fuzzy math'," August one, 2017
  14. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Senate overrides Rauner school funding veto, but House hurdle remains," Baronial xiii, 2017
  15. ↑ The Chicago Sun-Times, "Speaker Madigan calls legislators to work — on Governor'south Day," August ix, 2017
  16. ↑ wglt.org, "Illinois House To Vote Adjacent Week On Schoolhouse Funding Override," Baronial 16, 2017
  17. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Madigan calls off Wed session in Springfield; no override vote of Rauner for now," Baronial 23, 2017
  18. ↑ Politico, "SCHOOL funding WINNERS and LOSERS — RAUNER staffing TURMOIL — Saving ABE in CHICAGO," August 25, 2017
  19. ↑ capitolfax.com, "Education funding reform bill gets simply 46 votes," August 28, 2017
  20. ↑ capitolfax.com, "On second effort, education funding reform passes with 73 votes," Baronial 28, 2017
  21. ↑ capitolfax.com, "React rolls in to passage of education funding reform," August 29, 2017
  22. ↑ The 190th Full general Court of the Republic of Massachusetts, "Nib H.4491," accessed July xx, 2018
  23. ↑ Wicked Local Scituate, "Mass. Legislature overrides Gov. Bakery'south veto of Lyme affliction coverage," Baronial 2, 2016
  24. ↑ The 190th General Court of the Democracy of Massachusetts, "Bill H.58," accessed July twenty, 2018
  25. ↑ Boston.com, "Lawmakers vote to override Charlie Baker'south veto of pay raises," Feb 2, 2017
  26. ↑ The 190th Full general Courtroom of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "FY 2018 Final Budget," accessed July xx, 2018
  27. ↑ Massachusetts Budget and Policy Center, "The State Budget for FY 2018 Including Veto Overrides," December 6, 2017
  28. ↑ General Assembly of Maryland, "HB1013," accessed July twenty, 2018
  29. ↑ WTOP, "Medico. House of Delegates overrides 2 Hogan vetoes," Apr 7, 2016
  30. ↑ The Washington Mail service, "Maryland flexes progressive Democratic muscles to override ii Hogan vetoes," January 12, 2018
  31. ↑ General Assembly of Maryland, "HB0001," accessed July twenty, 2018
  32. ↑ General Associates of Maryland, "HB1783," accessed July xx, 2018
  33. ↑ WBAL Boob tube xi, "General Assembly overrides Hogan's veto of school structure overhaul bill," April 5, 2018
  34. ↑ The Washington Post, "How Md. Republicans plan to break the state Senate'south supermajority in 2018," May 7, 2017
  35. ↑ The Washington Mail, "Republican outside groups take a rare interest in deep-blue Maryland," January 12, 2018

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